He held six slaves and more than 100 acres (0.40 km 2) of farmland. After he married, he migrated to Bradford, Missouri and helped found William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri. James, farmed commercial hemp in Kentucky and was a Baptist minister before coming to Missouri.
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James had two full siblings: his elder brother, Alexander Franklin "Frank" James, and a younger sister, Susan Lavenia James. This area of Missouri was largely settled by people from the Upper South, especially Kentucky and Tennessee, and became known as Little Dixie for this reason. Jesse Woodson James was born on September 5, 1847, in Clay County, Missouri, near the site of present-day Kearney. James's farm in Kearney, Missouri, pictured in March 2010 James continues to be one of the most famous figures from the era, and his life has been dramatized and memorialized numerous times. Scholars and historians have characterized James as one of many criminals inspired by the regional insurgencies of ex-Confederates following the Civil War, rather than as a manifestation of alleged economic justice or of frontier lawlessness. Already a celebrity in life, James became a legendary figure of the Wild West after his death.ĭespite popular portrayals of James as an embodiment of Robin Hood, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor, this is a case of romantic revisionism since there is absolutely no evidence that he or his gang shared any loot from their robberies with anyone outside their network.
On April 3, 1882, Jesse James was shot and killed by Robert Ford, a new recruit to the gang who hoped to collect a reward on James's head and a promised amnesty for his previous crimes. They continued in crime for several years afterward, recruiting new members, but came under increasing pressure from law enforcement seeking to bring them to justice. The James brothers were most active as members of their own gang from about 1866 until 1876, when as a result of their attempted robbery of a bank in Northfield, Minnesota, several members of the gang were captured or killed. As followers of William Quantrill and "Bloody Bill" Anderson, they were accused of committing atrocities against Union soldiers and civilian abolitionists, including the Centralia Massacre in 1864.Īfter the war, as members of various gangs of outlaws, Jesse and Frank robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains across the Midwest, gaining national fame and often popular sympathy despite the brutality of their crimes. He and his brother Frank James joined pro- Confederate guerrillas known as " bushwhackers" operating in Missouri and Kansas during the American Civil War. Raised in the " Little Dixie" area of western Missouri, James and his family maintained strong Southern sympathies.
Jesse Woodson James (September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw, bank and train robber, guerrilla, and leader of the James–Younger Gang.
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